2nd shift is perfect for going back to school

And WHEN we use backshift, here's how it works with these common tenses and modals: backshift

So we use backshift SOMETIMES but not always.

Yesterday, John said that he was hungry.

So, for example, if two minutes ago John said 'I am hungry' and I am now telling his sister, I might NOT use backshift (because John is still hungry):īut if yesterday John said 'I am hungry' and I am now telling his sister, I would likely use backshift: We use backshift when it is logical to use backshift. For example, present simple goes back one tense to past simple. We sometimes change the tense of the reported clause by moving it back one tense. Reporting clause + reported clause reporting clause In simple terms, the structure of reported speech is: For the Mayo Clinic News Network, I'm Vivien Williams.Grammar : Reported Speech : Backshift in Reported Speechīackshift in Reported Speech direct speech Vivien Williams: He also suggests keeping your bedroom as dark and quiet as possible. It's not for spreadsheets, it's not for watching TV. The bedroom, the bed is for sex and sleep. Somers: We've got bright lights all over the place, and then we switch the lights off, we lie in bed and expect to sleep. Somers offers the following tips: Avoid alcohol and big meals before bed don't exercise right before bed and turn off all screens, including your smartphone, an hour before bed.ĭr. Vivien Williams: Poor sleep may increase your risk of conditions such as heart disease, obesity, depression, dementia. Somers: Sleep is very much a multidisciplinary specialty for good reason because sleep affects all the organs of the body. Virend Somers is a cardiologist who studies sleep.ĭr. Virend Somers, M.D., Ph.D.: When you don't sleep well, bad things happen.

2nd shift is perfect for going back to school